A Review on Vector Borne Diseases and Controlling Challenges

Abstract

Vector-borne emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases are a serious public health concern worldwide. Some of these diseases are emerging and / or re-emerging and have emerged in new regions over the last two decades. Studies have emphasized that interactions between pathogens, hosts and the environment play an important role in the appearance or recurrence of these diseases. In addition, social and demographic factors such as population growth, urbanization, globalization, trade exchanges and travel, and close interactions with livestock are significantly associated with the appearance and / or recurrence of vector-mediated diseases. increase. Other studies have emphasized that the evolution of progressive pathogens, the growth of reservoir populations, and the use of antibiotics are the major exacerbating factors in the emergence and recurrence of vector-borne infections. Still other studies equivocally claim that climate change has been associated with appearance and resurgence of vector borne infectious diseases. Despite the fact that many important emerging and remerging vector borne infectious diseases are becoming better controlled, our success in stopping the many new appearing and resurging vector borne infectious diseases that may happen in the future seems to be uncertain. Hence, this paper reviews and synthesizes the existing literature to explore global patterns of emerging and re-emerging vector borne infections and the challenges for their control. It also attempts to give insights to the epidemiological profile of major vector borne diseases including Zika fever, dengue, West Nile fever, Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever, Chikungunya, Yellow fever, and Rift Valley fever.